Board Member (Website)

Introducing Natasha Gerhardt: Scalabrini’s Newest Board Member

Scalabrini Villages Pty Ltd is pleased to announce the appointment of Natasha Gerhardt as the newest member of its Board. With a distinguished career in finance, governance, and human services, Natasha brings a wealth of experience to the role, along with a deep passion for justice, dignity, and the well-being of vulnerable people.

As an Executive in the for-purpose sector, Natasha has held leadership roles across disability services, social housing, family services, and international development. She currently serves as a Non-Executive Director of Civic Disability Services and as Chief Financial Officer at Baptist World Aid, where she focuses on alleviating poverty and injustice in some of the world’s most challenging areas. Natasha holds a Bachelor of Commerce, a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance and Investment, and is a Chartered Accountant. Recently, she completed a Master of Laws in Human Rights and Policy to strengthen her work in advocacy for vulnerable and migrant communities.

Rob Freeman, Chairman of Scalabrini, expressed his excitement for Natasha’s appointment, stating, “I welcome Natasha to the Scalabrini Board. Throughout the interview process, she demonstrated a genuine compassion for others and a commitment to bringing her corporate governance, people management, and financial expertise to Scalabrini. Her keen interest in strategy development will be invaluable, and we look forward to working with her as part of our team.

Natasha’s passion for serving vulnerable communities is rooted in her Christian faith, which drives her desire to see people flourish and maintain dignity at all stages of their lives. On joining the Scalabrini Board, Natasha shared her thoughts: “I am passionate about ensuring that vulnerable people, particularly the elderly, are cared for with dignity and respect. Scalabrini’s mission to empower residents to live well and make informed decisions about their care resonates deeply with me. I am excited to contribute my governance experience to support Scalabrini in delivering excellent care through a compassionate and skilled workforce.

Natasha’s appointment highlights Scalabrini’s continued commitment to strong leadership, strategic governance, and a mission of delivering high-quality care to its residents. With her breadth of experience and dedication, Natasha will play a key role in supporting Scalabrini’s vision of enabling elderly residents to live their best lives.

Feature Image on web - citrus

Celebrate Spring with Scalabrini at Griffith’s Spring Festival – Citrus Sculptures!

Griffith Spring Fest has returned in full bloom, and one of the most stunning attractions this year is the Real Juice Company Citrus Sculptures! Featuring over 100,000 vibrant oranges and grapefruit, the festival brings more than 70 larger-than-life citrus creations to life along Banna Avenue. Among these masterpieces is a beautiful gondola, carefully crafted by the dedicated staff from Scalabrini Griffith.

On October 14th, an incredible 800 volunteers, including the Scalabrini team, gathered at sunrise to kick off this iconic display. The gondola, sculpted entirely from citrus fruit, symbolizes both creativity and the deep connection between the community and the region’s thriving citrus industry. The Scalabrini staff brought their heart and soul into this creation, showcasing their commitment not only to their residents but also to the local community.

The Citrus Sculptures have been a key feature of Griffith Spring Fest since 1996, and they never fail to dazzle visitors with their artistry and scale. Running until October 26th, the festival is more than just a visual treat – it’s a celebration of Griffith’s vibrant agricultural heritage. Be sure to park at the Griffith Visitor Information Centre and take a leisurely stroll through the citrus sculptures, soaking in the breathtaking displays.

Don’t miss the chance to see Scalabrini’s gondola up close and explore the many other fantastic creations during the festival. Make sure to also check out the open gardens, join the lively launch party, or book a seat on the garden tour bus. There’s something for everyone this Spring Fest.

For more information, visit the Griffith Spring Fest website.

Music Therapy Blog

The Healing Power of Music Therapy for Dementia

Music has a magical way of touching our hearts, evoking cherished memories, and bringing joy. For elderly people living with dementia, music therapy can be a lifeline, offering moments of clarity and connection. Dementia, which affects cognitive functions, can be incredibly challenging for both patients and their caregivers. Yet, music therapy shines as a beacon of hope.

The Science Behind Music Therapy

Studies have shown that music can stimulate parts of the brain that remain unaffected by dementia. This stimulation can lead to improved mood, reduced agitation, and enhanced cognitive function. Music therapy uses music to achieve therapeutic goals, such as improving communication, reducing stress, and promoting physical rehabilitation.

Benefits of Music Therapy for Dementia Patients

Memory Recall: Familiar tunes can trigger memories and emotions, helping patients reconnect with their past.

Emotional Well-being: Music can elevate mood, reduce anxiety, and provide a sense of comfort and security.

Social Interaction: Group music therapy sessions encourage socialization, reducing feelings of isolation.

Physical Benefits: Engaging in music activities can improve motor skills and coordination.

Real-Life Impact

Picture an elderly person with dementia who struggles to communicate. When they hear a song from their youth, their face lights up, and they start singing along. These moments of connection can be incredibly meaningful for both the patient and their loved ones. Music therapy sessions can create these magical moments, fostering a sense of belonging and joy.

Get Involved with Music Therapy At Scalabrini

At Scalabrini, we understand the profound impact music therapy can have on the lives of elderly people with dementia. Our dedicated team is committed to providing compassionate care and innovative therapies to enhance the well-being of our residents. If you or a loved one could benefit from our services, please contact us today to learn more about our music therapy programs and how we can help.

Cabrini Apts blog (Website)

Cabrini Apartments: A Haven for Seniors Facing Housing Challenges

As living costs soar, finding affordable housing is increasingly difficult, particularly for seniors on fixed incomes. Cabrini Apartments by Scalabrini offers a lifeline—a unique and affordable housing option for seniors at risk of homelessness or struggling with rental pressures.

More than just a place to live, Cabrini Apartments is a community where dignity, inclusion, and a sense of belonging are at the heart of everything. These newly refurbished units are thoughtfully designed for seniors, offering comfort and the peace of mind that comes with knowing utilities are included in the rent of just $189 per week.

Meet Our Thriving Community

Earlier this year, Cabrini Apartments welcomed its first tenants, each with a unique story and set of challenges. Today, they’ve found stability and happiness in a warm, supportive environment.

Mr. A, for example, was facing the prospect of homelessness just a few months ago. A former State Manager with a deep love for horses, Mr.A was on the verge of living in his car when he discovered Cabrini Apartments. After visiting the facility, he felt a sense of safety and peace, knowing he had found a place where he could not only live but thrive. Now, Mr. A is a valued member of the Cabrini community.

Ms. B, another resident, was forced to leave her long-term home in Cronulla due to skyrocketing rent costs. With no children and a looming knee replacement, Ms. B was uncertain about her future. But since moving into Cabrini Apartments, she’s found peace and security, knowing she has a place to call home.

These are just a few of the stories that illustrate the impact Cabrini Apartments has had on its residents, providing not just a roof over their heads but a community they can truly belong to.

Applications Now Open

If you or someone you know is over 67, able to live independently, and in need of affordable housing, Cabrini Apartments might be the perfect place to call home. With applications now open, there’s no better time to explore this opportunity.

Contact us today to schedule a tour and see how Cabrini Apartments can offer the peace of mind and sense of community you or your loved one deserves.

Alzheimer's Disease blog

Unveiling the Connection: Alzheimer’s Disease and Spatial Awareness Issues

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent forms of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. In Australia alone, over 401,000 individuals were living with dementia as of 2022, with Alzheimer’s disease comprising a significant percentage of these cases. As researchers continue to investigate the early indicators of this devastating condition, a groundbreaking study has emerged linking Alzheimer’s with impairments in spatial awareness. This discovery could revolutionize the way we diagnose and intervene in Alzheimer’s, offering a new avenue of hope for those at risk.

Alzheimer’s and Spatial Awareness: The Study

In a study that has garnered significant attention, researchers examined participants aged between 43 and 66 years old who had a heightened risk of developing Alzheimer’s due to factors like family history and low physical activity levels. The study utilized virtual reality (VR) technology, immersing participants in a digital environment to assess their spatial awareness skills.

The results revealed that participants who were at risk for Alzheimer’s displayed impairments in their ability to navigate the VR environment, even when their other cognitive functions were unaffected. These findings suggest that spatial awareness could be a subtle yet powerful early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease. Detecting these impairments early may allow for quicker diagnosis, and more targeted interventions, potentially slowing the progression of the disease.

Key Findings from the Research

  1. Spatial Awareness as an Early Indicator
    The most striking finding from the study was the difficulty some participants had in navigating the virtual environment. These impairments in spatial awareness were present even when other cognitive functions, such as memory and reasoning, appeared to be unaffected. This suggests that spatial navigation issues may occur earlier in the disease’s progression than other more commonly recognized symptoms of Alzheimer’s, such as memory loss.
  2. The Role of Virtual Reality in Diagnosis
    The use of VR technology represents a promising new frontier in Alzheimer’s diagnosis. Traditional cognitive tests may not always detect subtle changes in spatial awareness, but VR can create a more immersive and comprehensive assessment. By leveraging this technology, healthcare professionals could catch Alzheimer’s earlier, allowing for timely interventions that may slow the disease’s progression.

Expert Insights

Dr. Richard Oakley, Associate Director of Research and Innovation at the Alzheimer’s Society, emphasized the importance of these findings. “Very early symptoms of dementia, such as difficulties in navigation, can often go unnoticed,” Dr. Oakley remarked. “Understanding how spatial awareness is affected by Alzheimer’s could lead to more effective and earlier diagnostic tools, giving patients and their families a better chance at managing the disease.”

Looking Ahead: A New Horizon for Alzheimer’s Diagnosis

This pioneering research highlights the critical role of spatial awareness in Alzheimer’s early detection. As technology like VR becomes more integrated into healthcare, the potential for earlier and more accurate diagnoses grows. For families affected by Alzheimer’s, this could mean more time to plan and more opportunities for early intervention.

The future of Alzheimer’s research and treatment is bright, with advancements in diagnostics offering new hope for individuals at risk. By continuing to explore how Alzheimer’s affects spatial awareness, researchers are not only enhancing our understanding of the disease but also paving the way for a more compassionate and proactive approach to dementia care.

AH x Youth of the Streets

Allambie Height Residents Cook for the Homeless with Youth Off The Street

At Scalabrini, community service is at the heart of our mission, and this ethos shines through in our newest initiative at Allambie Heights Village. We’ve embarked on a beautiful journey that brings together our elderly residents, volunteers, and even the families of those who have passed, to make a positive impact on the lives of people in need.

Last week, we began a heartwarming project where our residents joined forces to cook delicious meals for the homeless, partnering with the association Youth Off The Street. The kitchen buzzed with excitement as residents and volunteers worked side by side, chopping vegetables, mixing ingredients, and sharing stories. The result? A freshly made vegetarian lasagna, complemented by homemade cookies and cupcakes brought in by our volunteers.

The response from Youth Off The Street was overwhelming. As one of their representatives said,
The people will not believe they have such a great homemade meal!

Their words resonated with our residents, reminding them of the tremendous impact they can still have on the wider community.

The idea for this initiative stemmed from a simple yet profound belief – that our residents still have so much to offer. Whether it’s through cooking, volunteering, or simply sharing their wisdom and experiences, these small acts of kindness help create a strong sense of purpose and fulfilment. This project, which will now take place monthly, not only fosters a sense of community within our village but also strengthens the bond between our residents and the broader society.

In fact, one of the most touching aspects of this initiative is the involvement of the family members of a resident who recently passed away. Their participation reflects the enduring connection between our village and the families who have been part of it. Their dedication adds a deeper sense of meaning to this project, showing that even in times of loss, we come together as a community to lift each other up.

Stay tuned as we continue this journey of community service, working hand in hand with our residents, volunteers, and community partners to make a lasting impact. Together, we can create a brighter, more compassionate future for everyone.

For more information on our community initiatives or how to get involved, please reach out to our team at Scalabrini Village.

RUOK Collage 24

Scalabrini Villages Celebrate R U OK? Day with a Yellow Glow

At Scalabrini Villages, the wellbeing of our residents, staff, and the broader community is always a priority. This year’s R U OK? Day theme, R U OK Anyday, serves as a powerful reminder that every day is an opportunity to check in with those around us. Across all our villages—Bexley, Chipping Norton, Austral, Allambie Heights, Drummoyne, and Griffith—our commitment to fostering connection and support was at the forefront of our celebration.

The villages were adorned in vibrant yellow, symbolising hope and warmth, with a sense of community filling the air. Staff, residents, and visitors embraced the opportunity to participate in meaningful conversations, sharing the importance of simply asking, “Are you OK?” This small question can spark life-changing conversations and help identify those who may be struggling.

Each village set up check-in booths where staff members could pause, reflect, and connect. These stations, decorated in the signature yellow, provided resources and information about mental health, emphasizing that support is available every day, not just on R U OK? Day.

At Scalabrini, we know that a caring community can make a significant impact. Let’s continue to foster these daily conversations, helping to create a culture where everyone feels supported, connected, and heard.

 Have a chat with someone today and ask, “Are U OK?”—because every day counts.

For more information, visit ruok.org.au

Join us at Scalabrini!

Contact our team at  1800 722 522  to be part of Scalabrini, where care is always at the heart of what we do.

RUOK generic blog

R U OK? Day: Every Day Is a Good Day to Check In

R U OK? Day is more than a date on the calendar; it’s a call to action. In 2024, the theme “R U OK Any day” reminds us that checking in with loved ones about their mental health shouldn’t be reserved for one day. It’s important to ask the question whenever you sense someone might be struggling, and this year’s theme reinforces that meaningful conversations can happen any day, any time.

The significance of R U OK? Day lies in its simplicity and impact. It empowers individuals to start important conversations, fostering a culture of care and openness. By asking, listening, and offering support, we can make a real difference in someone’s life. Mental health challenges often go unseen, but by taking a moment to check in, we remind others that they are valued and supported.

At Scalabrini, we take mental health seriously. We understand that emotional well-being is just as important as physical health, especially for our residents and staff. Whether it’s through regular social activities, compassionate care from our staff, or simply a friendly conversation, we are committed to creating an environment where everyone feels safe, connected, and heard. R U OK? Day may be a yearly reminder, but at Scalabrini, caring for mental health is part of our everyday approach, ensuring our residents always feel supported.

For more information, visit R U OK?

Indian Independence Day

Manjit’s Journey to Permanency: A Tale of Triumph on Indian Independence Day

As we celebrate Indian Independence Day today for our Indian community, we are honoured to share a story that resonates with the spirit of determination, resilience, and the pursuit of dreams—a story that embodies the very essence of freedom. This is the journey of Manjit Kaur, a dedicated member of the Scalabrini family, who recently achieved a significant milestone by obtaining Permanent Resident status in Australia.

Manjit’s journey began 15 years ago when she moved from India to Australia, filled with hope and dreams of a brighter future. Over the years, she faced numerous challenges, navigating through various visas and changing career paths multiple times to meet the ever-changing requirements. From accounting to cooking to nursing, Manjit explored several professions, each time hoping it would lead her closer to her ultimate goal—permanent residency.

It wasn’t until Manjit found her calling in aged care that her path began to align with her aspirations. Joining Scalabrini as a Care Staff member at Scalabrini Griffith, she found not only a job but also a supportive community that believed in her potential. At Scalabrini, we pride ourselves on fostering an environment where our team members can grow and thrive, and Manjit’s story is a testament to this ethos.

Manjit’s resilience was put to the test when she was presented with an opportunity to work as a cook—a position that was crucial for Scalabrini at the time. Despite her initial hesitation, Manjit embraced the challenge with courage, dedication, and a spirit of teamwork, showcasing the very qualities we value at Scalabrini.

However, it was the introduction of the Labour Agreement that finally paved the way for Manjit to apply for permanent residency as a carer. The application process was not without its hurdles, requiring months of effort and meticulous preparation of documents. But Manjit’s perseverance never wavered.

The defining moment came when she received the life-changing news while visiting her mother in India.

I said to her, ‘Mum, I got my permanent residence!’ She was so happy for me—we hugged each other tightly and celebrated,”

Manjit recalls, her voice filled with the joy of that unforgettable moment. It was a moment that marked the zenith of years of hard work, determination, and the unwavering support of her Scalabrini family.

Manjit’s achievement is not just a personal victory; it’s for Scalabrini as well. It’s an inspiration for others in similar situations. Upon her return, she has been approached by many colleagues seeking guidance and advice. While Manjit humbly acknowledges that every journey is unique, her story serves as an inspiration to all—an embodiment of the belief that with persistence, support, and a nurturing community, dreams can indeed become a reality.

As we celebrate this Indian Independence Day with her, we are immensely proud of Manjit and grateful to have her as a part of our team. Her story is a powerful reminder of the importance of community, support, and the unwavering human spirit.

Congratulations, Manjit, on this well-deserved accomplishment! And Happy Indian Independence Day to you and rest of our Indian community members.

Hubs Grand Launch

Scalabrini Celebrates the Grand Launch of Live Easy Hubs for Seniors

At Scalabrini, we always strive to create a nurturing and joyous environment for our seniors. This commitment was beautifully exemplified at the grand launch of the Live Easy Hubs for Seniors in Mt Pritchard, which took place last week. The event was a joyous celebration filled with laughter, delectable food, and a true sense of community. We had the pleasure of welcoming more than 100 senior attendees who left the event with beaming smiles and happy hearts.

The day began with a touching prayer from our very own Father Delmar, setting a serene and uplifting tone. This was followed by heartfelt welcoming speeches from both Anna Wilson and Father Delmar. Their words resonated deeply with everyone present, reinforcing the sense of unity and shared purpose that defines our community.

Seniors’ Fun, Food, and Friendship

The event was a vibrant tapestry of activities designed to delight and engage our senior attendees. From engaging games and exciting prizes to lively entertainment and a splendid array of food, every moment was crafted to bring joy and create lasting memories. The laughter and camaraderie were profound, making the event not just a gathering but a celebration of life and friendship.

Anna Wilson, our newly appointed Live Easy Hub Manager, played a pivotal role in bringing this event to life. Her dedication and vision have been instrumental in creating a welcoming space where seniors can gather, connect, and enjoy themselves. Every Wednesday, the Our Lady of Mt Carmel Church Hall in Mt Pritchard will now be a hub of activity, fostering friendships and community spirit.

This beautiful success would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of our Scalabrini team members. Their efforts and support were crucial in making this day memorable for our seniors. Together, we are making a significant difference in the lives of our residents and the wider senior community, bringing them joy, freedom, and a sense of belonging.

Join Us Every Wednesday!

We are thrilled to announce the beginning of a new era with the regular Live Easy Hubs for Seniors at Mt Pritchard. Every Wednesday, we invite seniors to join us at Our Lady of Mt Carmel Church Hall for a day filled with friendship, joy, and activities. This is a wonderful opportunity to be part of a thriving community and create beautiful memories.

Please note that a fee is applicable per senior entry.

Thank you once again to everyone who contributed to this incredible success. Let’s continue to make a difference and create more moments of happiness for our senior community.

We look forward to welcoming you to our next Live Easy Hub!

Alex

A Journey of Resilience and Hope: Alex’s Path to Permanent Residency in Australia Through Scalabrini Village

Few storylines in the vast mosaic of human history shine as brightly as those that exemplify resiliency, hope, and the quest for a better life. One such story is Alex’s journey from the Philippines to Australia, which demonstrates the transformational power of opportunity and tenacity in the face of adversity.

Dreams of a better future characterised Alex’s early years, as he was born and raised in the Philippines. Equipped with an undergraduate degree, he set out on a nursing profession, only to run into the harsh reality of a volatile job market. His dreams were dashed by unstable work and financial difficulties, which led him to look for other sources of income, including a job at a call centre.

But when Alex’s wife left for Australia in search of fresh possibilities, destiny had other ideas. Love kept them together despite their distance from one another, and Alex took the brave choice to follow in her footsteps, sacrificing familiarity in favour of a better life. He had no idea that his journey would be full with obstacles and setbacks that would put his willpower to the ultimate test.

 

After arriving in Australia, Alex had to navigate uncharted territory, juggling jobs and study, and dealing with financial difficulties as well as complex visa renewals. However, in the midst of all the uncertainty, Scalabrini Village Ltd — a not-for-profit organisation committed to supporting, migrant seniors and elderly people alongside migrant workers and their families—became a ray of hope.

 

Alex found a lifeline and an opportunity to permanent residency through the Labour Agreement made possible by Scalabrini, which would change the trajectory of his future. Despite facing challenges along the way, including a devastating separation from his wife and newborn baby owing to travel restrictions aggravated by the COVID-19 outbreak, Alex persisted with steadfast commitment.

His experience embodies the values of Scalabrini, an organisation that promotes inclusivity and migrant community empowerment. Scalabrini, which has a mission based on empathy and solidarity, also gave Alex a sense of support and belonging that helped him go forward in his pursuit for a better future.

One of the most important aspects of Alex’s journey was having the support and mentorship of people like Amber Vega (who is currently serving as Village Manager at Austral Village). Amber’s unwavering faith in Alex’s potential was a source of hope during times of uncertainty and despair. Amber’s encouragement and support enabled Alex to navigate the immigration process with strength and determination, coming out stronger and more resilient than ever. For Alex, permanent residency isn’t just about a legal status, it’s about hope.

 

Looking forward, Alex’s dreams go far beyond his personal ambitions, and include a vision for the future. With Australia’s free education and limitless opportunities, Alex wants to instill the values of work ethic, compassion and gratitude in his children. He hopes that they will never take Australia’s blessings for granted.

What I want for my children is them to be good people and be grateful for the life they will have it here. Because some of the people in Australia take life for granted like what they have. They don’t know that if they were in a different country, they wouldn’t be able to get the services that they can get in Australia. They won’t be able to achieve them what they can achieve if they were not here.”

 

Alex gives a message of hard work and resilience to individuals like him:

Don’t give up! You will face hardships in your journey, but you have keep pushing yourself to achieve this in order to give a better life for your future generations.

 

As we celebrate Alex’s journey, we remember how opportunity can change lives, and how compassion and solidarity can make a difference. Alex’s story is a testament to the power of the human heart to dream big and fight for a better tomorrow. Richard de Haast, CEO of Scalabrini Village further expresses his views on this testament:

 

The opportunity to fund and enable sponsorships for our staff is an incredible privilege as we know that the outcomes have an inter-generational impact for individuals and their families”.

 

 

Labour Agreement x Scalabrini

 

Beyond a simple collaboration, the Labour Agreement x Scalabrini symbolises a shared dedication to empathy and a common goal of improving the lives of people we support. We cordially invite you to join our team if you’re motivated by Alex’s story and excited to help foster a culture of care. De Haast further added,

This practical and life enriching action of sponsoring people aligns perfectly with the intention of the founder of the Scalabrini Order and his mission to have a supportive and positive impact in the lives of migrants.”

Get in touch with us now to start down a route that will change your life, one in which all of your efforts will be directed towards fostering the community and your deeds will be met with kindness. Reach out to us right now, and let’s work together to create a future full of optimism and genuine relationships.

Best Workplace 2024

Dual Triumph: Scalabrini Villages Wins Best Workplace Title Again!

For the second consecutive year, Scalabrini Villages Pty Ltd stands tall as the recipient of the prestigious ‘Best Workplace’ award, bestowed by the globally recognized Xref Engage. This tribute serves as a resounding endorsement of the company’s unwavering commitment to cultivating an environment that not only values but also actively engages its workforce.

With a remarkable satisfaction score nearing 85% from a staff body exceeding 1,000 individuals, Scalabrini Villages has set a new benchmark for what it means to be a supportive and motivating employer. This figure is not just a number; it is a testament to the company’s dedication to ensuring that each employee feels an integral part of the collective mission.

Richard de Haast, the CEO of Scalabrini Villages, expressed his elation over this achievement, “We are absolutely thrilled to receive this award for the second consecutive year. This recognition is a reflection of our incredible staff and their willingness to provide honest and constructive feedback, which we always take seriously. Company culture is not something that can be set and forgotten; it is something we strive to constantly evolve and improve. I want to extend my heartfelt thanks to every member of our team for their dedication and for taking the time to share their satisfaction, thoughts and ideas with us.

The company’s exceptional staff engagement is further highlighted by the over 85% completion rate in the satisfaction survey. This level of participation underscores a collective eagerness to contribute to the company’s evolution and to be a part of its success story.

De Haast further emphasised the correlation between employee happiness and customer satisfaction, “We firmly believe that happy staff leads to happier residents and customers, which is ultimately why we’re all here. Our team’s well-being is crucial to delivering the high-quality care and service that Scalabrini Villages is known for.”

As Scalabrini Villages Pty Ltd looks to the future, it does so with a clear vision—to maintain and further enrich its culture, ensuring it remains a sanctuary where employees are not just supported but are inspired to excel. This is a place where excellence isn’t just expected; it’s nurtured, making Scalabrini Villages not just a workplace, but a home for those who are part of it.